Tuesday, September 27, 2016

Włodyka

Włodyka - lesser knight in 14th/15th century in Poland. Part of the knighthood but with lesser financial position. They enjoyed a higher social status than ministeriales.

Włodyka, Władyka

In this case this term was used in Poland in that era in regard to middle or lower nobility. It translates to "lord" or "elder".

Wednesday, September 14, 2016

Grzywna

The "grzywna" was a measure of weight, mainly for silver, commonly used throughout medieval central and eastern Europe, particularly in the Kingdom of Poland and Kingdom of Bohemia (Czech: hřivna).

Grzywna was also a unit of measure of a unit of exchange, and as such used as money in the 10th–15th centuries. Silver ingots acted as commodity money before the widespread use of minted coins. more